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The population of people who use wheelchairs has been increasing due to technological advances. With this increase, there has also been an increase in participation in wheelchair sports. The incidence of upper extremity injury in ...
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The population of people who use wheelchairs has been increasing due to technological advances. With this increase, there has also been an increase in participation in wheelchair sports. The incidence of upper extremity injury in wheelchair users has been reported to be between 31 and 73% risk for upper extremity injury due to increased upper extremity use with sport. The purpose of this paper is to ascertain whether proper seating and positioning have an impact on the prevention of repetitive strain injuries (RSI) of the soft tissues, including peripheral nerve entrapments and muscle injury, of the upper extremity in wheelchair athletes. A review of current research on wheelchair propulsion and RSI revealed several hazards for wheelchair athletes to develop RSI's. These include duration of impairment, muscle imbalance, awkward positioning, inadequate rest breaks, repetition of muscle use in daily activities and in sport participation, the degree of force needed for propulsion, and fatigue. Current research does not provide conclusive information on optimal seating. Suggestions of preventative measures are given including suggestions with regard to positioning in the wheelchair.
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Work related conditions caused by overexertion or repeated trauma affect millions of American workers. These conditions can result in time off from work, decreased productivity, and high financial costs, not to mention impairment ...
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Work related conditions caused by overexertion or repeated trauma affect millions of American workers. These conditions can result in time off from work, decreased productivity, and high financial costs, not to mention impairment of the worker. According to the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHAct) of 1970 [26], employers are required to provide hazard free workplaces for their employees. Fortunately resources exist to help employers set up on-site ergonomic programs to reduce the hazards that contribute to cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) or other injuries. Companies that have implemented comprehensive ergonomic programs have reported benefits, most significantly, decreased injuries, and cost savings. A model is described for industry on starting and managing a successful on-site ergonomic program.
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There is a growing problem of violence in the workplace that should not be ignored. An estimated 6,359 deaths occur per year in the workplace [8] and an average one million each year are assaulted while at work [3]. Workplace viol...
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There is a growing problem of violence in the workplace that should not be ignored. An estimated 6,359 deaths occur per year in the workplace [8] and an average one million each year are assaulted while at work [3]. Workplace violence is detrimental to both the employer and employee. It causes decreased worker productivity which results in monetary loss for businesses and the worker. Prevention programs can and should be implemented to address workplace violence. Prevention strategies that incorporate ergonomic and occupational therapy concepts can increase work productivity and job satisfaction. Certain occupations, such as health care and social service workers, are at a high risk for violence in the workplace. Violence in the workplace may never be eliminated, but steps can be taken to hinder the problem from growing.
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For persons with tetraplegia, improvements in function and independence are promoted by augmenting residual hand function. Assistive technology offers ways to enhance independence through enabling activities of daily living (ADL) ...
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For persons with tetraplegia, improvements in function and independence are promoted by augmenting residual hand function. Assistive technology offers ways to enhance independence through enabling activities of daily living (ADL) performance. Splints and adaptive aids have traditionally been used to address functional hand deficits in persons with tetraplegia secondary to spinal injury. The Freehand System^\cricled{R} offers a brace free alternative for persons with C5 or C6 tetraplegia. By employing functional electrical stimulation (FES), The Freehand System^\cricled{R} provides stimulated grasp and release to paralyzed muscles of the hand. Occupational therapy plays an important role in assessment and implementation of the Freehand System. Clinical reasoning is used to develop a comprehensive plan for surgical planning, rehabilitation and functional training to meet individual needs. Training incorporates education on operation and care of the system and functional application toward valued ADL. Research with the Freehand system is ongoing. Clinical trials of the Freehand system with both adult and adolescent subjects have demonstrated measurable improvement in pinch force, hand function and level of independence in ADL [9,12]. Current focus of research by occupational therapists with the Freehand system has been the examination of home use and user satisfaction.
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The creation of a new profession in the early 20th century, such as occupational therapy, required a commitment to certain ideas and a willingness to accept certain challenges. This study examines the commitment to the idea of the...
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The creation of a new profession in the early 20th century, such as occupational therapy, required a commitment to certain ideas and a willingness to accept certain challenges. This study examines the commitment to the idea of therapeutic and health supporting occupation by the early leaders and proponents of the profession and the challenges they faced in gaining acceptance of occupational therapy as a profession capable of delivering a valued health care service to society. Six challenges are reviewed as they occurred in the history of the profession and as they continue to challenge the profession into the present era.
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Introduction: The number of occupational therapy degree programs in Australia has increased substantially over the last decade. During this time, Australian academics have produced a significant amount of scholarship focussed on e...
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Introduction: The number of occupational therapy degree programs in Australia has increased substantially over the last decade. During this time, Australian academics have produced a significant amount of scholarship focussed on entry-level education; however, the landscape of this scholarship has not been examined. The aim of this study was to review the literature on the scholarship of entry-level Australian occupational therapy education programs, specifically the topics explored and methods employed. Methods: An extensive search of nine databases produced 1,002 papers related to occupational therapy education. Two researchers screened each paper using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Seventy-six articles, published between 2000 and September 2019, were included. Data were extracted using a coding tool, and entered into NVivo, where data were analysed using queries and tallies of the characteristics of the articles. Results: Sixty-eight articles were research and eight were other peer reviewed literature. Articles primarily focussed on student characteristics and perceptions. Quantitative research designs were predominant with surveys the most frequently used method. There were few articles that addressed the topic of teaching methods and approaches, and of these none addressed occupation-centred teaching. No articles addressed the learning environment. Four articles reported on an educational intervention that targeted participation, and attitudes/perceptions or knowledge/skills of students and/or academics. These findings inform understanding about what has been completed so far in the scholarship; and what topic focus and research designs could address gaps in existing knowledge. Conclusions: This review elucidated topics that have been well researched (student focus), as well as gaps in the scholarship (teaching methods and approaches including occupation-centred teaching, and the learning environment). It showed that quantitative designs were predominant, with qualitative approaches less frequently adopted. The results of this review could assist academics and researchers to focus their scholarship on topics that require further investigation and diversify research methods.
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Introduction There have been calls for the occupational therapy profession to realign with its values around occupation. However, the profession faces challenges in practice areas that have historically been underpinned by a biome...
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Introduction There have been calls for the occupational therapy profession to realign with its values around occupation. However, the profession faces challenges in practice areas that have historically been underpinned by a biomechanical approach, such as hand therapy. The aim of this scoping review was to describe what is known about an occupational perspective in the hand therapy literature. Method This scoping review utilised a recognised five-step approach. A search was conducted in four databases for papers published between 2005 and 2016. Numerical and thematic analyses were employed, using the Canadian Practice Process Framework as a theoretical framework. Results Fifty papers were included in the scoping review. Six themes were identified: the centrality of occupation; inconsistencies in terminology; where in the occupational therapy process?; informal discussion as a key occupational strategy; occupational therapists’ expectations of patients; and a bottom-up approach focusing on biomechanical strategies to implementing the plan. Conclusion Whilst there has been some integration of an occupational perspective into hand therapy literature, there are still challenges. Inconsistent terminology, the lack of an occupational perspective throughout the occupational therapy process and a bottom-up approach to interventions all demonstrate the continuing tensions between the biomechanical approach and an occupational perspective.
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This paper describes the review of the impact of the College of Occupational Therapists' publication, Occupational therapy defined as a complex intervention (Creek 2003). The background to the publication is outlined briefly. The ...
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This paper describes the review of the impact of the College of Occupational Therapists' publication, Occupational therapy defined as a complex intervention (Creek 2003). The background to the publication is outlined briefly. The method of data collection and the descriptive-explanatory method of data analysis are described.The three main findings are presented: occupational therapists have continued to access the definition throughout the 5 years since it was published; the definition has been read and used both in the United Kingdom and in other countries; and the definition is understood and used in a variety of different ways and for different purposes. The paper concludes that the definition of occupational therapy as a complex intervention captured a major shift in how occupational therapists understand the world, but that this way of thinking needs to be embedded more fully into all pre-registration and post-registration education programmes.
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This paper describes the review of the impact of the College of Occupational Therapists' publication, Occupational therapy defined as a complex intervention (Creek 2003). The background to the publication is outlined briefly. The ...
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This paper describes the review of the impact of the College of Occupational Therapists' publication, Occupational therapy defined as a complex intervention (Creek 2003). The background to the publication is outlined briefly. The method of data collection and the descriptive-explanatory method of data analysis are described.The three main findings are presented: occupational therapists have continued to access the definition throughout the 5 years since it was published; the definition has been read and used both in the United Kingdom and in other countries; and the definition is understood and used in a variety of different ways and for different purposes. The paper concludes that the definition of occupational therapy as a complex intervention captured a major shift in how occupational therapists understand the world, but that this way of thinking needs to be embedded more fully into all pre-registration and post-registration education programmes.
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摘要 :
This paper describes the review of the impact of the College of Occupational Therapists' publication, Occupational therapy defined as a complex intervention (Creek 2003). The background to the publication is outlined briefly. The ...
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This paper describes the review of the impact of the College of Occupational Therapists' publication, Occupational therapy defined as a complex intervention (Creek 2003). The background to the publication is outlined briefly. The method of data collection and the descriptive-explanatory method of data analysis are described.The three main findings are presented: occupational therapists have continued to access the definition throughout the 5 years since it was published; the definition has been read and used both in the United Kingdom and in other countries; and the definition is understood and used in a variety of different ways and for different purposes. The paper concludes that the definition of occupational therapy as a complex intervention captured a major shift in how occupational therapists understand the world, but that this way of thinking needs to be embedded more fully into all pre-registration and post-registration education programmes.
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